Ankylosing spondylitis is a subclass within a broad group of spondyloarthritis. Spondylo means spine so literally Spondyloarthritis means arthritis affecting spine. Ankylosing spondylitis is a form of chronic inflammatory arthritis affecting spine and sacroiliac joints. The sacroiliac joints are located in the low back where the sacrum (the bone directly above the tailbone) meets the iliac bones (bones on either side of the upper buttocks). Chronic inflammation in these areas causes pain and stiffness in and around the spine. Over time, chronic spinal inflammation (spondylitis) can lead to a complete cementing together (fusion) of the vertebrae, a process referred to as ankylosis. Ankylosis leads to loss of mobility of the spine.
Symptoms Of Ankylosing Spondylitis
The symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis are related to inflammation of the spine, joints, and other organs. Fatigue is a common symptom associated with active inflammation. Inflammation of the spine causes pain and stiffness in the low back, upper buttock area, neck, and the remainder of the spine. The onset of pain and stiffness is usually gradual and progressively worsens over months. Occasionally, the onset is rapid and intense. The symptoms of pain and stiffness are often worse in the morning, or after prolonged periods of inactivity and improves gradually with activity. Early morning stiffness usually lasts for 30 minutes or more. The other characteristic symptom being pain in back while changing positions in the bed.
Diagnosis Of Ankylosing Spondylitis
The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis is based on evaluating the patient's symptoms, a physical examination, x-ray/MRI findings, and blood tests.
Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis
The treatment of ankylosing spondylitis involves the use of medications to reduce inflammation, physical therapy, and exercise. Medications decrease inflammation in the spine, and other joints and organs. Medications used in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis includes anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and biologic drugs. Physical therapy and exercise help improve posture, spine mobility and lung capacity.
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